Cited references for this diagram
Facilitators included strong city council support, leadership from impacted communities, community awareness-building campaigns, and understanding tobacco industry counter-tactics
Bosma, L. M., D’Silva, J., Moze, J., Matter, C., Kingsbury, J. H., & Brock, B. (2021). Restricting Sales of Menthol Tobacco Products: Lessons Learned from Policy Passage and Implementation in Minneapolis, St. Paul, and Duluth, Minnesota. Health Equity, 5(1), 439–447.
Facilitators included strong city council support, leadership from impacted communities, community awareness-building campaigns, and understanding tobacco industry counter-tactics
Bosma, L. M., D’Silva, J., Moze, J., Matter, C., Kingsbury, J. H., & Brock, B. (2021). Restricting Sales of Menthol Tobacco Products: Lessons Learned from Policy Passage and Implementation in Minneapolis, St. Paul, and Duluth, Minnesota. Health Equity, 5(1), 439–447.
Facilitators included strong city council support, leadership from impacted communities, community awareness-building campaigns, and understanding tobacco industry counter-tactics
Bosma, L. M., D’Silva, J., Moze, J., Matter, C., Kingsbury, J. H., & Brock, B. (2021). Restricting Sales of Menthol Tobacco Products: Lessons Learned from Policy Passage and Implementation in Minneapolis, St. Paul, and Duluth, Minnesota. Health Equity, 5(1), 439–447.
There was also concern that cigarettes would cost more at tobacco shops. They’re already a dollar and something higher than… the [convenience] stores. So it’s like they’re trying to take advantage and I don’t like being taken advantage of. (Female, 43)
D’Silva, J., O’Gara, E., Fryer, C. S., & Boyle, R. G. (2021). “Because There’s Just Something About That Menthol”: Exploring African American Smokers’ Perspectives on Menthol Smoking and Local Menthol Sales Restrictions. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 23(2), 357–363.
Some felt they were being unfairly treated and did not understand why restrictions singled out menthol and did not apply to non-menthol tobacco products. … if you take the menthol but you leave the regular that’s just stupid. ... and I ain’t gonna lie, it gave me an attitude. How are you gonna take the menthol but you gonna leave everybody else a cigarette? It just don’t make no sense. (Female, 45)
D’Silva, J., O’Gara, E., Fryer, C. S., & Boyle, R. G. (2021). “Because There’s Just Something About That Menthol”: Exploring African American Smokers’ Perspectives on Menthol Smoking and Local Menthol Sales Restrictions. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 23(2), 357–363.
Initially, smokers reacted negatively because they were frustrated with the inconvenience of having to travel to find menthol cigarettes.
D’Silva, J., O’Gara, E., Fryer, C. S., & Boyle, R. G. (2021). “Because There’s Just Something About That Menthol”: Exploring African American Smokers’ Perspectives on Menthol Smoking and Local Menthol Sales Restrictions. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 23(2), 357–363.
Point prevalence cessation rates were similar between groups
Kotlyar, M., Shanley, R., Dufresne, S. R., Corcoran, G. A., Okuyemi, K. S., Mills, A. M., & Hatsukami, D. K. (2021b). Effects on time to lapse of switching menthol smokers to non-menthol cigarettes prior to a cessation attempt: a pilot study. Tobacco Control, 30(5), 574–577.
Further, we found a moderate negative correlation between the proportion of the menthol packs per census tract and the distance to exempt tobacco retailers (r = -0.66, p = .05). As the distance between census tracts and retailers increased, the proportion of menthol cigarettes decreased.
Smiley, S. L., & Shin, H. (2024). Motivation to Quit Smoking Among Black Adults Residing in Los Angeles County Communities With Menthol Cigarette Sales Restrictions. Substance Use & Misuse, 59(5), 727–731.
Menthol smokers were less likely to support a ban on menthol (aOR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.08–0.43)
Kyriakos, C. N., Fong, G. T., De Abreu Perez, C., Szklo, A. S., Driezen, P., Quah, A. C. K., Figueiredo, V. C., & Filippidis, F. T. (2022). Brazilian smokers are ready for the ban on flavour additives in tobacco to be implemented. Preventive Medicine, 160, 107074.
Menthol smokers were less likely to support a ban on menthol (aOR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.08–0.43) and on all additives (aOR = 0.24, 0.12–0.49)
Kyriakos, C. N., Fong, G. T., De Abreu Perez, C., Szklo, A. S., Driezen, P., Quah, A. C. K., Figueiredo, V. C., & Filippidis, F. T. (2022). Brazilian smokers are ready for the ban on flavour additives in tobacco to be implemented. Preventive Medicine, 160, 107074.
Under a menthol ban, the percent that would remain combustible users was expected to drop from 80.6% to 50.5% (40.3% nonmenthol cigarettes, 6.5% illicit menthol cigarettes, and 3.7% nonmenthol cigars), a 30.1 percentage point (pp) reduction.
Levy, D. T., Cadham, C. J., Sanchez-Romero, L. M., Knoll, M., Travis, N., Yuan, Z., Li, Y., Mistry, R., Douglas, C. E., Tam, J., Sertkaya, A., Warner, K. E., & Meza, R. (2021). An Expert Elicitation on the Effects of a Ban on Menthol Cigarettes and Cigars in the United States. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 23(11), 1911–1920.
Under a menthol ban, the percent that would remain combustible users was expected to drop from 80.6% to 50.5% (40.3% nonmenthol cigarettes, 6.5% illicit menthol cigarettes, and 3.7% nonmenthol cigars), a 30.1 percentage point (pp) reduction. About a quarter (a 15.6 pp increase) were expected to switch to NNDP use, while 3.7% would switch to smokeless tobacco and 21.7% would quit all tobacco use.
Levy, D. T., Cadham, C. J., Sanchez-Romero, L. M., Knoll, M., Travis, N., Yuan, Z., Li, Y., Mistry, R., Douglas, C. E., Tam, J., Sertkaya, A., Warner, K. E., & Meza, R. (2021). An Expert Elicitation on the Effects of a Ban on Menthol Cigarettes and Cigars in the United States. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 23(11), 1911–1920.
Under a ban, experts expected 55.1% to remain combustible users (45.7% nonmenthol cigarettes, 5.7% illicit menthol cigarettes, and 3.7% nonmenthol cigars), resulting in a reduction in combustible product use of 20.1 pp. One-fifth (20.0%) were expected to switch to NNDP use (a 10.3 pp increase from the Status Quo), while 2.4% would switch to smokeless tobacco (a 0.2 pp decrease) and 22.5% quit all tobacco use (10 pp increase).
Levy, D. T., Cadham, C. J., Sanchez-Romero, L. M., Knoll, M., Travis, N., Yuan, Z., Li, Y., Mistry, R., Douglas, C. E., Tam, J., Sertkaya, A., Warner, K. E., & Meza, R. (2021). An Expert Elicitation on the Effects of a Ban on Menthol Cigarettes and Cigars in the United States. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 23(11), 1911–1920.
. Menthol smokers were more likely than otherwise similar nonmenthol smokers to disagree with a menthol ban (50.5% vs 31.2%; P
Pearson, J. L., Abrams, D. B., Niaura, R. S., Richardson, A., & Vallone, D. M. (2012). A Ban on Menthol Cigarettes: Impact on Public Opinion and Smokers’ Intention to Quit. American Journal of Public Health, 102(11), e107–e114.
Approximately one-third (30.7%) perceived that the menthol ban helped them with smoking cessation.
Soule, E. K., Dubray, J., Cohen, J. E., Schwartz, R., & Chaiton, M. (2021). Smoking cessation strategies used by former menthol cigarette smokers after a menthol ban. Addictive Behaviors, 123, 107046.
“males, older adults, Blacks and Hispanics, those with higher levels of educational attainment, those with lower levels of household income, those with a shorter history of smoking, those who used nonmenthol cigarettes or nonflavored cigars, those who smoked less than daily, those who had moderate or high levels of dependence on smoking, and those who did not obtain cigarettes or cigars solely from local retailers were all more likely to be supportive of both bans compared with their counterparts.”
Yang, Y., Lindblom, E. N., Ward, K. D., & Salloum, R. G. (2022). How Smokers of Menthol Cigarettes and Flavored Cigars Might Respond to FDA’s Proposed Bans. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 24(10), 1645–1653.
All groups were predominantly supportive of a smoking ban in restaurants, with highest support reported by menthol smokers (73.5%), and lowest by other flavoured cigarette smokers (63.3%). Almost half of all smokers supported the ban on smoking in bars and pubs, with the support varying significantly by the type of cigarette smoked (56.1% among menthol, 45.4% among other flavoured cigarette smokers).
Zatoński, M., Herbeć, A., Zatoński, W., Przewoźniak, K., Janik-Koncewicz, K., Mons, U., Fong, G., Demjén, T., Tountas, Y., Trofor, A., Fernández, E., McNeill, A., Willemsen, M., Hummel, K., Quah, A., Kyriakos, C., & Vardavas, C. (2018). Characterising smokers of menthol and flavoured cigarettes,their attitudes towards tobacco regulation, and the anticipatedimpact of the Tobacco Products Directive on their smoking andquitting behaviours: The EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys. Tobacco Induced Diseases, 16(2).
The most divisive issue between menthol smokers and other smokers was that of banning additives, including flavourings, in cigarettes, with only 25.1% of menthol smokers supporting such a law, compared to 49.9% of other flavoured cigarette smokers.
Zatoński, M., Herbeć, A., Zatoński, W., Przewoźniak, K., Janik-Koncewicz, K., Mons, U., Fong, G., Demjén, T., Tountas, Y., Trofor, A., Fernández, E., McNeill, A., Willemsen, M., Hummel, K., Quah, A., Kyriakos, C., & Vardavas, C. (2018). Characterising smokers of menthol and flavoured cigarettes,their attitudes towards tobacco regulation, and the anticipatedimpact of the Tobacco Products Directive on their smoking andquitting behaviours: The EUREST-PLUS ITC Europe Surveys. Tobacco Induced Diseases, 16(2).
During the follow-up period, 85.5% of retailers reported that educational visits and 62.2% reported that the MAHB flavoured product guidance list were the most helpful for achieving compliance.
Kephart, L., Setodji, C., Pane, J., Shadel, W., Song, G., Robertson, J., Harding, N., Henley, P., & Ursprung, W. W. S. (2019). Evaluating tobacco retailer experience and compliance with a flavoured tobacco product restriction in Boston, Massachusetts: impact on product availability, advertisement and consumer demand. Tobacco Control, tobaccocontrol-2019-055124.
Between the first and last rounds of compliance checks, violations for sale of tobacco to a minor decreased by 12 percentage points to 2%
Pearlman, D. N., Arnold, J. A., Guardino, G. A., & Welsh, E. B. (2019). Advancing Tobacco Control Through Point of Sale Policies, Providence, Rhode Island. Preventing Chronic Disease, 16, 180614.
Oops! It seems we couldn't find any results for your search. Please try different filters.
